Who’s Destroying Undersea Internet Cables? | Fact Glow
Who’s Destroying Undersea Internet Cables?
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If a shark bites the Internet cable at the bottom of the sea, how is it repaired? Most of all, how is it known where in the thousands of miles of sea the cable is broken? From this video to the entire traffic on youtube0, there are hidden hidden objects at the bottom of the sea. Such a traffic highway passes with the help of cables, which we use every day but cannot see.
Once again welcome to Fact Glow. The network of under sea cables is so big that it connects all the continents together. These cables have been laid at a maximum depth of 8000 meters, where the pressure is as high as 5300 kg per square inch. This is like putting the weight of an African elephant on the smallest toe of a human foot under such high pressure.
The smallest part of the cables is passing under the Black Sea between Azerbaijan and Turkestan, whose length is about 300 km and the longest part is 6600 km long, which has been named Marya Cable. It starts from Virginia Beach in America. It passes through the dark depths of the Atlantic Ocean and ends at Bill Bay in Spain.
If we talk about the cables laid in all the seas of the world, then the total length of all these is more than 14 lakh kilometers, so much that if these cables are If all the planets of our solar system and their moons were wrapped around them, then enough cables would still be left to make one round trip around the Earth.
Now obviously laying such long cables, that too at a depth of 8000 meters in the ocean, is not an easy task. So it is not just that the cost of laying just 1 km of submarine cable is a maximum of 25 lakh US dollars, so now you can guess for yourself how much it would have cost to lay 14 lakh kilometers of cable, but is there a need to do all this? In today’s era, the same work can be done with the help of satellites and the whole world can be kept wirelessly connected.
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In fact, if seen, there are 493 submarine cables present in the whole world. Each cable can handle 4000 Tera bits of data and that too only. In a second, understand this that 8 crore people can stream a 4k movie simultaneously on just one cable and there are 493 such cables. In contrast, if the satellite does the same thing, then only 24000 people will be able to watch the same 4k movie simultaneously on a satellite.
To meet the demands of the people, it will be necessary to install more and more satellites, which will also cost more and the maintenance will also be more. In comparison to the submarine cable, the maintenance of satellite is more costly and also difficult and if for some reason there is a major fault in the satellite.
If it is destroyed, it will have to bear the cost of 400 million US dollars to replace it. This is why laying millions of kilometers of cable under the sea is easier than satellite or wireless connectivity. Crores of gigabytes of data is traveling all the time in this undersea highway. This means that this highway will also be very wide, that is, these cables will be thicker than a common domestic fiber optic cable, but it is not so.
In appearance, this yellow and black cable is as thick as a hose pipe, but in reality, the fiber optic cable passing through it is the cable is as thin as a hair, so now the question arises that how so much data is sent through such a thin wire. This hair-sized wire is called the core of fiber optic which is made of glass or plastic and light passes through it.
Which passes through the data and travels in small packets. First of all, the data present in the computer is converted from electrical signal to light signal with the help of a transmitter. The transmitter does this work through laser light or LED. The signal is transmitted in the form of a pulse which has only two parts, ones and zeros.
The light pulse represents one and when there is no pulse, it represents zero. These pulses are taken from one place to another. This is the work of the core, between which the light travels. There is a layer outside this core, which if you try to cladistically, then the clay bounces it back inside the core. This process is called Total Internal Reflection. Now more distances.
But this light signal becomes weak, for which a repeater is installed after every 100 kilometers which boosts the light signal. To complete this part, a DC current of 100,000 volts is sent to the core and Gladius because of the ocean. There is no power source in between, hence the current passing through the copper layer is used to power these amplifiers.
Fiber optic cables are also capable of transmitting more than one signal simultaneously. This technique is called Wavelength Division Multiplexing. Light of different colors is passed through fiber optic simultaneously and each color of light has different data packets. As you know, the speed of light is R at 1079 million kilometers, that is, this data is called M.
It reaches from one place to another at the speed of light in the blink of an eye. After reaching thousands of kilometers away, this data is converted into electrical signal with the help of photo diode or photo detector and then the computer or mobile device reconstructs it and converts it into graphics or Despite the core being brought in any form, these cables get damaged by earthquakes, shark attacks and volcanic eruptions under the sea, but the biggest reason for the damage to submarine cables is fishing. Some vessels live at the bottom of the sea.
Fish are hunted with this trawl door which has a rope attached to it which is directly connected to the vessel. By sending this trawl door to the bottom it is dragged on the ocean floor and then the fishes get trapped in it. If by mistake it is thrown at the place of submarine cable, then due to drag, the cable gets damaged a lot.
Now here only one question is coming in the mind of all of you that if the submarine cable gets damaged at the bottom of such a rich and desolate sea, then what will happen? How to repair them is a matter of later, but first of all, where thousands of kilometers of wire has been damaged, how is that location pinpointed? Let us tell you here that today’s modern submarine cables are 1 inch thick and The weight of 1 kilometer wire is about 1400 kg i.e. as much as a sedan car.
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For installation in the sea, thousands of kilometers of such wire are installed in one piece on the bottom of the sea with the help of special ships. After complete research, when a particular area is selected. If so, large rolls of wire are loaded in a ship and brought to that location and using a special robotic machine which is capable of walking on the sea floor, the floor is dug up to 1 meter and along with it the cable is laid in it.
Yes, this is a very slow work which is very important to be done with great care. According to an estimate, it took about 2 years to install the 6600 km wire to be laid between the US and Europe. When the wire kept in a vessel When it is finished, it is placed in another vessel full of cable and the laying work is carried forward by connecting the corner of the first wire with a new wire.
The biggest hindrance in this entire work is the weather which is strong 365 days a year in the Atlantic Ocean. There is a series of winds and when these winds take the form of a storm, no one can stop them. Apart from this, hurricanes of Category One status are often present in the Atlantic Ocean. Even at this time when I am doing research for the video, There is a Category One hurricane present in the Atlantic Ocean, which according to the forecast will reach the coast of Ireland on August 23.
Due to the hurricane or strong storm, the installation work is paused for several days until the weather is clear. When the installation work itself is so difficult, then imagine how difficult the repair work will be. There are data centers at both the end points of the submarine cable which monitor the intensity of the cable 247 times.
As soon as the connection between the two is broken, it means only one thing. That the cable has broken in the middle of the sea. To find out exactly where the thousands of kilometers of wire has been damaged, a special device is used which is called Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. This device sends a light pulse from both the ends and because the cable If the light pulse is broken then it bounces and comes back.
How long does it take for the returning pulse to return and how much strength of the signal is left can be used to estimate how exactly after how many kilometers the cable is damaged. The same process is done from both the ends. Now the DC supply from both the ends i.e. the current released in the cable is stopped and at that location the RVs are sent to the bottom of the sea with the help of RVs.
Before doing so, the fiber optic cable is measured and then the cable is taken out and brought to the vessel above. The part of the cable which has been damaged is cut off and another piece is inserted into it. Because the core of the fiber optic is made of glass. That is why this work has to be done very carefully so that one glass joins the other in the same way as it was in one piece. This process is called spall.
If the cable is falling short or the bottom of the sea is very low, then first one part is connected. It is lifted up, another extra wire is added to it and laid down again. Then the same process is done on the other end of the broken wire. Benefits of submarine fiber optic cable. How it works. You probably have many questions about installation and repair.
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